Lesson 18 - Distinction between priestly, governing, entrepreneurial and working actions.


  Image courtesy:http://mayapurvoice.com/svagatam/researchers-get-closer-understanding-varnashrama-dharma/

Chapter 18 -  The endeavor for Liberation - Slokas - 42, 43, 44.


शमो दमस्तपः शौचं क्षान्तिरार्जवमेव च ।
ज्ञानं विज्ञानमास्तिक्यं ब्रह्मकर्म स्वभावजम् ॥ १८-४२॥

शौर्यं तेजो धृतिर्दाक्ष्यं युद्धे चाप्यपलायनम् ।
दानमीश्वरभावश्च क्षात्रं कर्म स्वभावजम् ॥ १८-४३॥

कृषिगौरक्ष्यवाणिज्यं वैश्यकर्म स्वभावजम् ।
परिचर्यात्मकं कर्म शूद्रस्यापि स्वभावजम् ॥ १८-४४॥

shamo damastapah’ shaucham kshaantiraarjavameva cha ।
nyaanam vijnyaanamaastikyam brahmakarma svabhaavajam ॥ 18-42 ॥

shauryam tejo dhri’tirdaakshyam yuddhe chaapyapalaayanam ।
daanameeshvarabhaavashcha kshaatram karma svabhaavajam ॥ 18-43 ॥

kri’shigaurakshyavaanijyam vaishyakarma svabhaavajam ।
paricharyaatmakam karma shoodrasyaapi svabhaavajam ॥ 18-44 ॥

Equanimity, self-restrain, austerity, purity, forebearance, sincerity, integrity and also knowledge, discovery and piety are the innate characteristics of priestly actions.

Valour, fierceness,  resolve, fitness to fight, not fleeing from fight, charity and an imperial statehood are the innate characteristics of governing actions.

Trading of the agriculture and dairy produce is the innate characteristics of entrepreneurial actions;  physically serving others for returns is the innate characteristics of working actions.

S41- s48 that describe the allotted duties of man on the basis of his caste are clearly interpolations. In essence, the discourse till s 40 is about the human nature and how it affects man. As can be seen, the duties on caste lines detailed in the said interpolations have no continuity of argument - BS Murthy

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